References

Stable DOI and archived encyclopedia pages are preferred; mutable web sources retain an access date.

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Dellsén, Finnur. 2017. “Understanding without Justification or Belief.” Ratio 30(3): 239–254. Page numbers cited in the text refer to the author's penultimate draft, PhilArchive, https://philarchive.org/rec/DELUWJ; the published pagination differs. https://doi.org/10.1111/rati.12134

Dellsén, Finnur. 2018. “Scientific Progress: Four Accounts.” Philosophy Compass 13(11): e12525. Section numbers cited in the text refer to the accepted manuscript, PhilSci-Archive 15529, https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/15529/. https://doi.org/10.1111/phc3.12525

Dellsén, Finnur. 2020. “Beyond Explanation: Understanding as Dependency Modelling.” The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 71(4): 1261–1286. Section numbers cited in the text refer to the accepted manuscript, PhilSci-Archive 15528, https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/15528/; they are the same as in the published article. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjps/axy058

Dellsén, Finnur. 2021. “Understanding scientific progress: the noetic account.” Synthese 199(3-4): 11249–11278. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-021-03289-z

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Dixon, Dominic. 2025. “Social Epistemology as an Epistemological Foundation for Library and Information Science.” Social Epistemology. Published online 12 November 2025; no volume or issue assigned. Section numbers cited in the text refer to the peer-reviewed accepted manuscript in Cambridge's Apollo repository. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/items/724d4ac4-380c-4164-9785-aac82eb97c82

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Douglas, Heather. 2000. “Inductive Risk and Values in Science.” Philosophy of Science 67(4): 559–579. Section numbers cited in the text refer to the author's preprint (received February 2000, revised July 2000), PhilSci-Archive 27688, https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/27688/. https://doi.org/10.1086/392855

Douglas, Heather. 2003. “The Moral Responsibilities of Scientists: Tensions between Autonomy and Responsibility.” American Philosophical Quarterly 40: 59–68. Cited without page numbers from the author's preprint as submitted to the journal, PhilSci-Archive 27686, https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/27686/. https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/27686/ Accessed 2026-10-29.

Douglas, Heather. 2006. “Norms for Values in Scientific Belief Acceptance.” PhilSci-Archive. Paper for the PSA 2006 contributed papers, deposited on PhilSci-Archive (3024) on 3 November 2006; page numbers are those of the posted text. https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/3024/ Accessed 2026-10-29.

Douglas, Heather. 2007. “Rejecting the Ideal of Value-Free Science.” PhilSci-Archive. Author's preprint, marked as forthcoming in Value-Free Science: Ideal or Illusion, edited by John Dupré, Harold Kincaid, and Alison Wylie (published by Oxford University Press, 2007), PhilSci-Archive 27681. Page numbers cited in the text are the preprint's own. https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/27681/ Accessed 2026-10-29.

Douglas, Heather. 2008. “The Role of Values in Expert Reasoning.” PhilSci-Archive. Author's preprint, marked as forthcoming in Public Affairs Quarterly, PhilSci-Archive 27679. Page numbers cited in the text are the preprint's own. https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/27679/ Accessed 2026-10-29.

Douglas, Heather. 2016. “Values in Science.” PhilSci-Archive. Author's preprint, marked as forthcoming in the Oxford Handbook of Philosophy of Science (edited by Paul Humphreys, Oxford University Press, 2016), PhilSci-Archive 27649. Page numbers cited in the text are the preprint's own. https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/27649/ Accessed 2026-10-29.

Douglas, Heather. 2017. “Why Inductive Risk Requires Values in Science.” PhilSci-Archive. Author's preprint of the essay published in Current Controversies in Values and Science, edited by Kevin C. Elliott and Daniel Steel (Routledge, 2017), PhilSci-Archive 27646. Page numbers cited in the text are the preprint's own. https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/27646/ Accessed 2026-10-29.

Duede, Eamon. 2022. “Instruments, Agents, and Artificial Intelligence: Novel Epistemic Categories of Reliability.” Synthese 200(6): 491. Section numbers cited in the text refer to the preprint, PhilSci-Archive 21352 (dated 6 November 2022), https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/21352/. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-022-03975-6

Duede, Eamon. 2023. “Deep Learning Opacity in Scientific Discovery.” Philosophy of Science 90(5): 1089–1099. https://doi.org/10.1017/psa.2023.8

Duede, Eamon and Kevin Davey. 2025. “A Priori Knowledge in an Era of Computational Opacity: The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Mathematical Discovery.” Philosophy of Science 92(5): 1394–1404. https://doi.org/10.1017/psa.2025.10160

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Dung, Leonard. 2025. “Understanding Artificial Agency.” The Philosophical Quarterly 75(2): 450–472. Section numbers cited in the text refer to the author's preprint, PhilArchive, https://philarchive.org/rec/DUNUAA. https://doi.org/10.1093/pq/pqae010

Dunn, Jeff. 2021. “Review of Jennifer Lackey, The Epistemology of Groups.” Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews: 2021.11.03. https://ndpr.nd.edu/reviews/the-epistemology-of-groups/ Accessed 2026-10-29.

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Durán, Juan M. 2025a. “Beyond Transparency: Computational Reliabilism as an Externalist Epistemology of Algorithms.” In Philosophy of Science for Machine Learning, edited by Juan M. Durán and Giorgia Pozzi, 55–79. Springer. Section numbers cited in the text refer to the preprint, arXiv:2502.20402. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-03083-2_4

Durán, Juan M. 2025b. “In Defense of Reliabilist Epistemology of Algorithms.” European Journal for Philosophy of Science 15: 37. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13194-025-00664-2

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Eigi, Jaana. 2016. “The Social Organisation of Science as a Question for Philosophy of Science.” University of Tartu. PhD thesis (version deposited for the defence), DSpace, University of Tartu. Read from the Internet Archive capture of 4 May 2026 of the repository's own file, https://web.archive.org/web/20260504023055/https://dspace.ut.ee/server/api/core/bitstreams/f902e5f6-f02c-48aa-a1ab-529f51067d48/content. Eigi cites Science, Truth, and Democracy from its 2003 printing. Also cited for its quotation, on p. 136, of Helen E. Longino, The Fate of Knowledge (Princeton University Press, 2002), pp. 133–135. http://hdl.handle.net/10062/52179 Accessed 2026-10-30.

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Elabbar, Ahmad. 2026. “Varying Evidential Standards as a Matter of Justice.” The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 77(3): 643–669. Section numbers cited in the text refer to the accepted manuscript, Apollo – University of Cambridge Repository, https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/366372. https://doi.org/10.1086/727429

Elgin, Catherine Z. 2002. “Art in the Advancement of Understanding.” American Philosophical Quarterly 39(1): 1–12. Page numbers cited in the text refer to the author's version on her website, https://catherineelgin.com/undg/artcogapq.pdf; the published pagination (1–12) differs. https://catherineelgin.com/undg/artcogapq.pdf

Elgin, Catherine Z. 2004. “True Enough.” Philosophical Issues 14(1): 113–131. Page numbers cited in the text refer to the author's version on her website, https://catherineelgin.com/undg/trueno.pdf; the published pagination (113–131) differs. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1533-6077.2004.00023.x

Elgin, Catherine Z. 2006. “From Knowledge to Understanding.” In Epistemology Futures, edited by Stephen Hetherington, 199–215. Clarendon Press. Page numbers cited in the text refer to the author's version on her website, https://catherineelgin.com/undg/kntoun.pdf; the published pagination (199–215) differs. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199273317.003.0012

Elgin, Catherine Z. 2007. “Understanding and the Facts.” Philosophical Studies 132(1): 33–42. Page numbers cited in the text refer to the author's version on her website, https://catherineelgin.com/undg/nonfactive.pdf; the published pagination (33–42) differs. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11098-006-9054-z

Elgin, Catherine Z. 2018. “Epistemic Virtues in Understanding.” In The Routledge Handbook of Virtue Epistemology, edited by Heather Battaly, 330–339. Routledge. Page numbers cited in the text refer to the author's version on her website, https://catherineelgin.com/undg/epistemic_virtues_in_understanding.pdf; the published pagination (330–339) differs. https://catherineelgin.com/undg/epistemic_virtues_in_understanding.pdf Accessed 2026-10-29.

Elgin, Catherine Z. 2022. “Models as Felicitous Falsehoods.” Principia 26(1): 7–23. https://doi.org/10.5007/1808-1711.2022.e84576

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Elliott, Kevin C. 2013. “Douglas on Values: From Indirect Roles to Multiple Goals.” Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 44. Section numbers cited in the text refer to the author's preprint (unpaginated), headed as forthcoming in Studies in History and Philosophy of Science, PhilSci-Archive 9856, https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/9856/. https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/9856/ Accessed 2026-10-29.

Elliott, Kevin C. 2025. “Arguments against the Value-Free Ideal.” In The Routledge Handbook of Values and Science, edited by Kevin C. Elliott and Ted Richards. Routledge. Preprint of a forthcoming chapter, PhilSci-Archive 27172; page numbers cited in the text refer to this preprint. https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/27172/ Accessed 2026-10-29.

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